Yes, you can use Bitbucket Data Center with Bitbucket Pipelines to build and deploy your Vercel Application.
vercel build allows you to build your project inside Bitbucket Pipelines, without exposing your source code to Vercel. Then, vercel deploy --prebuilt skips the build step on Vercel and uploads the previously generated .vercel/output folder to Vercel from the Bitbucket Pipeline.
Learn more about how to configure Bitbucket Pipelines and Vercel for custom CI/CD workflows.